单节段与双节段椎弓根螺钉固定胸腰椎单椎体骨折的生物力学比较

目的:比较单节段与双节段椎弓根螺钉固定术固定胸腰椎单椎体骨折的生物力学效果。方法:在16具新鲜小牛胸腰椎标本(T11-L3)的L1椎体上制作不完全爆裂骨折模型,分为两组,分别行单节段与双节段椎弓根螺钉固定,对固定后的标本施加扭矩为4Nm的疲劳载荷共2000次,加载频率为0.5Hz,经脊柱三维运动测量系统测量正常、损伤、固定和周期性加载后固定节段前屈/后伸、左/右侧弯和左/右旋转运动时固定节段的运动范围。结果:单节段固定组前屈、后伸、侧屈、旋转稳定指数(SPI)分别为0.78、0.80、0.92、0.83,双节段固定组SPI分别为0.88、0.89、0.95、0.85,在前屈方向单节段固定组明显小于双节段固定组(P<0.01);疲劳后,单节段固定组SPI在前屈、后伸、侧屈、旋转方向分别降低0.05、0.03、0.05、0.11,降低值均大于双节段固定组,且在旋转和侧屈方向有显著性差异(旋转:P<0.01;侧屈:P<0.05)。结论:两种术式均可重建脊柱骨折即刻稳定性,效果无明显差异。在旋转、侧屈方向,双节段椎弓根螺钉固定术抗疲劳载荷效果优于单节段固定术。     

羟基磷灰石/多聚左旋乳酸椎间融合器的力学评价

目的:评价羟基磷灰石和多聚左旋乳酸(hydroxyapatite/poly-L-lacticacid,HA/PLLA)制成的可吸收性腰椎椎间融合器(cage)的力学特性。方法:形状相同的HA/PLLAcage和Brantigan碳纤维cage及与cage外径相同的人尸体髂骨块各16枚,在材料实验机MTS上分别将3种椎体间置入体行压缩破坏(n=8)和压缩疲劳(n=8)试验,记录置入体压缩破坏时的最大压力、弹性系数以及1万次压力负荷后的高度变形率,并加以比较。结果:在瞬间破坏压力和弹性系数方面,HA/PLLAcage和碳纤维cage均显著高于髂骨块(P<0.05),但两种cage间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。1万次压力负荷后,两种cage的高度压缩率均显著小于髂骨块(P<0.05),且HA/PLLAcage的平均压缩率显著小于碳纤维cage(P<0.05)。结论:HA/PLLAcage和碳纤维cage较髂骨块具有更强的力学稳定性;与碳纤维cage相比,HA/PLLAcage不仅具有同等的瞬间抗破坏强度,而且具有更强的抗重复负荷变形的能力。     

基因诊断技术在脊柱结核诊断中的应用现状

脊柱结核是一种常见的肺外结核病。近年来,随着脊柱结核患者逐年增多,不典型脊柱结核患者亦逐渐增多,而不典型脊柱结核诊断较为困难,需要与一般细菌感染、肿瘤以及非结核分枝杆菌感染相鉴别。基因诊断技术是一项诊断脊柱结核的重要工具,对临床不典型脊柱结核的诊断有较高价值。本文将对脊柱结核的流行现状、诊断及基因诊断技术进行综述,以帮助临床工作者对脊柱结核做出更加准确的诊断。     

Exploring a 7-gene prognostic model based on ferroptosis for efficiently guiding immunotherapy in melanoma patients

PurposeAlthough skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a relatively immunotherapy-sensitive tumor type, there is still a certain fraction that benefits less from treatment. Ferroptosis has been demonstrated to modulate tumor progression in many cancer types. This study focused on ferroptosis-related genes to construct a prognostic model for SKCM patients.Materials and methodsGene expression profiles of SKCM samples were obtained from public databases. Unsupervised consensus clustering was used to determine molecular subtypes related to ferroptosis. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and stepwise Akaike information criterion (stepAIC) were applied to construct a prognostic model based on differentially expressed genes between two molecular subtypes.ResultsC1 and C2 subtypes were identified with differential prognosis and immune infiltration. A 7-gene prognostic model was constructed to classify samples into high-FPRS and low-FPRS groups. Low-FPRS group with favorable prognosis had higher immune infiltration and more enriched immune-related pathways than the high-FPRS group. The two groups showed distinct sensitivity to immunotherapy, with the low-FPRS group predicted to have more positive response to immunotherapy than the high-FPRS group. A nomogram based on the FPRS score and clinical features was built for more convenient use.ConclusionsThe critical role of ferroptosis involved in SKCM development was further validated in this study. The prognostic model was efficient and stable to be applied in clinical conditions to support clinicians in determining personalized therapy for SKCM patients especially those with metastasis.     

Salvianolic acid B inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammatory cytokine production in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes and has a protective effect in a mouse osteoarthritis model

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic progressive disease that has complicated mechanisms that involve inflammation and cartilage degradation. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory action of Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) in both human OA chondrocytes and a mouse OA model that was induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus. In vitro, chondrocytes were pretreated with Sal B (0, 25, 50, 100 μM) for 2 h, then incubated with IL-1β (10 ng/mL) for 24 h. NO production was determined by Griess method and PGE2 was assessed by ELISA. The expression of INOS, COX-2, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5 and NF-κB-related signaling molecules were tested by Western blotting. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect P65 nuclear translocation. In vivo, the mouse OA model received intraperitoneal-injection of either Sal B (25 mg/kg) or saline every other day. Hematoxylin and Eosin, as well as Safranin-O-Fast green staining, were utilized to evaluate the severity of cartilage lesions up to 8 weeks following the surgery. Sal B inhibited the over-production of NO and PGE2, while the elevated expression of INOS, COX-2, MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 were reversed by Sal B in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. In addition, IL-1β significantly induced phosphorylation of NF-κB signaling, and this phosphorylation response was blocked by Sal B. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that Sal B could suppress IL-1β-induced p65 nuclear translocation. In vivo, the cartilage in Sal B-treated mice exhibited less cartilage degradation and lower OARSI scores. Taken together, Sal B possesses great potential value as a therapeutic agent for OA treatment.     

单双侧球囊灌注骨水泥椎体成形修复骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的系统评价

背景:经皮球囊灌注骨水泥椎体成形已被证实对骨质疏松性压缩骨折有效,但相关的随机对照试验存在样本量小和方法学上的缺陷,因此单侧入路或者双侧入路椎体后凸成形修复骨质疏松性压缩骨折孰优孰劣,仍存在争议。目的:使用系统评价的方法对经皮球囊灌注骨水泥椎体成形单侧入路与双侧入路方法进行分析,以期为椎体后凸成形入路及灌注骨水泥过程中的技术选择提供依据。方法:计算机检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、OVID、Embase、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库、维普资讯等中英文数据库,手工检索9种国内相关杂志,检索日期均从创刊至2014年3月,收集单侧与双侧入路经皮球囊灌注骨水泥椎体后凸成形修复骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的随机对照试验,由2名系统评价员按纳入与排除标准选择试验、提取资料和质量评价后,并用RevMan 5.2软件进行Meta分析。结果与结论:最终纳入8个随机对照试验,共507例患者656个椎体。结果显示,骨水泥渗漏方面两组差异无显著性意义;术前目测类比评分[WMD=-0.05(P=0.58)]、短期随访(≤3个月)[WMD=-0.02(P=0.25)]与长期随访(≥12个月)[WMD=-0.08(P=0.64)],两组差异无显著性意义;Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)短期随访[WMD=-0.13(P=0.73)]和长期随访[WMD=-0.26(P=0.81)],两组差异无显著性意义;骨水泥用量和操作时间两组差异有显著性意义,单侧入路较双侧入路有优势;影像学结果中术前、术后后凸角及角度恢复值,差异均无显著性意义提示单侧和双侧入路经皮球囊灌注骨水泥椎体后凸成形修复骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折,在目测类比评分、影像学结果、并发症方面无明显差异;但在手术时间和放射暴露时间上,单侧入路优于双侧入路。     

脊柱疾病后路修复后感染:感染、肥胖及转入ICU为独立危险因素

背景:随着新型钉棒系统、融合器、微创技术的应用,脊柱外科手术量逐渐增多、手术范围扩大、难度也在不断增加,同时脊柱术后感染率逐步增高也日趋显现。脊柱术后感染常常导致住院天数及住院费用增加,引起神经功能恶化甚至死亡等灾难性后果。目的:探讨脊柱后路术后感染的危险因素与治疗策略。方法:回顾性分析2012年9月至2013年9月于新疆医科大学第一附属医院脊柱外科行脊柱后路手术的患者857例,根据是否术后感染分为两组,感染组34例,非感染组823例。比较两组患者术前、术中、术后因素对脊柱术后感染的影响,通过分析34例感染患者的治疗方式及效果,总结治疗策略。结果与结论:脊柱后路术后感染率为3.97%(34/857),感染组与非感染组中肌力≤3级、术前免疫功能减退、有急慢性感染、肥胖、手术时间≥180 min、出血量≥600 m L、输血、植异体骨、未规范使用抗生素、术前及术后尿便失禁或留置导尿时间≥3 d、术后转入ICU、引流管根数、留置引流管天数等变量差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),其他变量两组差异无显著性意义。经过Logistic回归分析后得出急性或慢性感染、肥胖(体质量指数>30 kg/m2)、术后转入ICU这3个因素是脊柱术后感染的独立危险因素,需预防这3个危险因素及其他可能影响脊柱术后感染的因素,另外不同脊柱术后感染患者需采用不同的方式来治疗,选择适合的治疗方式是非常重要的。     

骨折合并脊髓损伤患者血清中转化生长因子β1变化:有利于促进骨折愈合

背景:研究表明,转化生长因子β1在单纯骨折愈合中可发挥重要作用,但在脊髓损伤合并骨折中,转化生长因子β1如何促进骨折愈合未见报道。目的:观察骨折合并脊髓损伤患者的血清中转化生长因子β1水平变化,探讨转化生长因子β1在骨折合并脊髓损伤中的作用机制。方法:收集新疆医科大学第一附属医院脊柱外科及创伤外科从2012年5月至2014年3月间的住院患者28例,并根据是否合并脊髓损伤分为2组,骨折合并脊髓损伤组患者12例、骨折无脊髓损伤组患者16例。分别于伤后第2,7,14,28天空腹时采外周静脉血,并采用酶联免疫法对血清转化生长因子β1质量浓度进行检测。结果与结论:纳入的28例患者中,在损伤第2天,骨折合并脊髓损伤组与骨折无脊髓损伤组血清转化生长因子β1水平差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),在第7,14,28天,骨折合并脊髓损伤组比骨折无脊髓损伤组血清转化生长因子β1水平低(P<0.05)。在骨折合并脊髓损伤组中,血清转化生长因子β1水平从第7天快速升高,至第14天达到高峰,第28天仍然无显著下降。在骨折无脊髓损伤组,第2天升高,第7天升高幅度达到最大,至第28天,升高幅度下降。骨折合并脊髓损伤组血清中转化生长因子β1可发生显著变化,可能与转化生长因子β1在不同时期参与骨折愈合及脊髓损伤修复有关。